Reference: Budge, Ian, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Andrea Volkens, Judith Bara, and Eric Tanenbaum 2001. Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments, 1945-1998. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, Andrea Volkens, Judith Bara, Ian Budge, and Michael D. McDonald. 2006. Mapping Policy Preferences II: Estimates for Parties, Electors and Governments in Central and Eastern Europe, European Union and OECD 1990-2003. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Volkens, Andrea, Judith Bara, Ian Budge, and Michael D. McDonald. 2013. Mapping Policy Preferences from Texts III: Statistical Solutions for Manifesto Analysts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. —
Reference: Döring, Holger and Philip Manow 2022: Parliaments and governments database (ParlGov): Information on parties, elections and cabinets in modern democracies. Development version. —
Description:
parties, election results, governments (Europe, since 1900)
Comment: + party information: founding date, naming history, predecessor/successor
+ elections results: > 1%
+ governments: party composition and PMs
Dataset type: core member (core)
Wikipedia
Countries: 215 –
Parties: 4283 –
Linked: 4283
Years: 1900 – 2020
Reference: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · en.wikipedia.org —
Description:
parties (global, 2022)
Comment: Wikipedia data from Infobox and Wikidata for Party Facts core parties.
Automatically linked during import based on "partyfacts_id".
+ party information from Wikipedia
Dataset type: information (info)
CHES
Countries: 39 –
Parties: 540 –
Linked: 540
Years: 1999 – 2017
Reference: Bakker, Ryan, Catherine de Vries, Erica Edwards, Liesbet Hooghe, Seth Jolly, Gary Marks, Jonathan Polk, Jan Rovny, Marco Steenbergen, and Milada Vachudova. 2015. "Measuring party positions in Europe: The Chapel Hill expert survey trend file, 1999-2010." Party Politics 21.1: 143–152. doi: 10.1177/1354068812462931
Bakker, Ryan, Liesbet Hooghe, Seth Jolly, Gary Marks, Jonathan Polk, Jan Rovny, Marco Steenbergen, and Milada Anna Vachudova. 2020. “2019 Chapel Hill Expert Survey.” Version 2019.1. Available on https://www.chesdata.eu/. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Polk, Jonathan, Jan Rovny, Ryan Bakker, Erica Edwards, Liesbet Hooghe, Seth Jolly, Jelle Koedam, Filip Kostelka, Gary Marks, Gijs Schumacher, Marco Steenbergen, Milada Vachudova and Marko Zilovic. 2017. "Explaining the salience of anti-elitism and reducing political corruption for political parties in Europe with the 2014 Chapel Hill Expert Survey data," Research & Politics 4(1): 1–9. doi: 10.1177/2053168016686915 —
Description:
expert survey // ideology (Europe, since 1999)
Dataset type: partner project (partner)
CLEA
Countries: 161 –
Parties: 2537 –
Linked: 2537
Years: 1800 – 2014
Reference: Kollmann, Ken, Hicken, Allen, Caramani, Daniele, Backer, David, and Lublin, David. 2020. Constituency-Level Elections Archive [Data Set and Codebook]. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Political Studies, University of Michigan [Producer and Distributor].
<http://www.electiondataarchive.org.> —
Description:
election results // constituency level (global, since 1800)
Dataset type: partner project (partner)
EJPR PDY
Countries: 37 –
Parties: 659 –
Linked: 659
Years: 1991 – 2015
Reference: European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook (EJPR PDY) —
Description:
election results, governments // party composition (Europe, since 1990s)
Dataset type: partner project (partner)
V-Party
Countries: 178 –
Parties: 3499 –
Linked: 3499
Years: 1900 – 2019
Reference: Lührmann, Anna, Nils Düpont, Masaaki Higashijima, Yaman Berker Kavasoglu, Kyle L. Marquardt, Michael Bernhard, Holger Döring, Allen Hicken, Melis Laebens, Staffan I. Lindberg, Juraj Medzihorsky, Anja Neundorf, Ora John Reuter, Saskia Ruth-Lovell, Keith R. Weghorst, Nina Wiesehomeier, JosephWright, Nazifa Alizada, Paul Bederke, Lisa Gastaldi, Sandra Grahn, Garry Hindle, Nina Ilchenko, Johannes von Römer, Steven Wilson, Daniel Pemstein, Brigitte Seim. 2020. Varieties of Party Identity and Organisation (V–Party) Dataset V1. doi: 10.23696/vpartydsv1 —
Comment: Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project
+ expert survey: party identity and organization (1970–2019)
+ election results (1900–2019)
Dataset type: partner project (partner)
Wikipedia tags
Countries: 207 –
Parties: 2933 –
Linked: 2933
Years: 1800 – 2022
Reference: Herrmann, Michael, and Holger Döring. 2021. “Party Positions from Wikipedia Classifications of Party Ideology.” Political Analysis. Advance online publication. doi: [10.1017/pan.2021.28](https://www.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2021.28) —
Description:
parties // ideology (global, since 1800)
Dataset type: partner project (partner)
CHISOLS
Countries: 155 –
Parties: 1160 –
Linked: 1160
Years: 1919 – 2008
Reference: Mattes, Michaela, Brett Ashley Leeds, and Naoko Matsumura. 2016. “Measuring Change in Source of Leader Support: The CHISOLS Dataset.” Journal of Peace Research 53(2): 259–67. —
Description:
governments // leaders, party composition (global, 1919–2008)
Comment: + parties in government, PMs, presidents
Dataset type: main dataset (main)
DPI
Countries: 171 –
Parties: 1691 –
Linked: 1691
Years: 1975 – 2015
Reference: Cruz, Cesi, Philip Keefer, and Carlos Scartascini. 2016. “The Database of Political Institutions 2015 (DPI2015).” https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/7408. —
Reference: + ESS Round 1: European Social Survey Round 1 Data (2002). Data file edition 6.6. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS1-2002.
+ ESS Round 2: European Social Survey Round 2 Data (2004). Data file edition 3.6. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS2-2004.
+ ESS Round 3: European Social Survey Round 3 Data (2006). Data file edition 3.7. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS3-2006.
+ ESS Round 4: European Social Survey Round 4 Data (2008). Data file edition 4.5. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS4-2008.
+ ESS Round 5: European Social Survey Round 5 Data (2010). Data file edition 3.4. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS5-2010.
+ ESS Round 6: European Social Survey Round 6 Data (2012). Data file edition 2.4. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS6-2012.
+ ESS Round 7: European Social Survey Round 7 Data (2014). Data file edition 2.2. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS7-2014.
+ ESS Round 8: European Social Survey Round 8 Data (2016). Data file edition 2.1. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS8-2016.
+ ESS Round 9: European Social Survey Round 9 Data (2018). Data file edition 1.2. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS9-2018. —
Description:
public opinion survey (Europe, 2002–2018)
Comment: European Social Survey (ESS) Rounds 1-9 — prtc* variables — "Which party feel closer to, [...]"
Dataset type: main dataset (main)
ESS prtv*
Countries: 37 –
Parties: 756 –
Linked: 756
Years: 2002 – 2018
Reference: + ESS Round 1: European Social Survey Round 1 Data (2002). Data file edition 6.6. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS1-2002.
+ ESS Round 2: European Social Survey Round 2 Data (2004). Data file edition 3.6. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS2-2004.
+ ESS Round 3: European Social Survey Round 3 Data (2006). Data file edition 3.7. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS3-2006.
+ ESS Round 4: European Social Survey Round 4 Data (2008). Data file edition 4.5. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS4-2008.
+ ESS Round 5: European Social Survey Round 5 Data (2010). Data file edition 3.4. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS5-2010.
+ ESS Round 6: European Social Survey Round 6 Data (2012). Data file edition 2.4. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS6-2012.
+ ESS Round 7: European Social Survey Round 7 Data (2014). Data file edition 2.2. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS7-2014.
+ ESS Round 8: European Social Survey Round 8 Data (2016). Data file edition 2.1. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS8-2016.
+ ESS Round 9: European Social Survey Round 9 Data (2018). Data file edition 1.2. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS9-2018. —
Description:
public opinion survey (Europe, 2002–2018)
Comment: European Social Survey (ESS) Rounds 1-9 — prtv* variables — "Party voted for in last national election, [...]"
see also [ess-election-dates](https://github.com/denis-cohen/ess-election-dates) by Cohen (2020)
Dataset type: main dataset (main)
Huber / Inglehart (1995)
Countries: 41 –
Parties: 300 –
Linked: 300
Years: 1990 – 1995
Reference: Huber, John D., and Ronald Inglehart. 1995. “Expert Interpretations of Party Space and Party Locations in 42 Societies.” Party Politics 1(1): 73–111. —
Description:
expert survey // ideology (Europe, early 1990s)
Comment: expert survey on parties' left/right positions
Dataset type: main dataset (main)
Kitschelt (2013)
Countries: 88 –
Parties: 507 –
Linked: 507
Years: 2008 – 2009
Reference: Kitschelt, Herbert. 2013. “Dataset of the Democratic Accountability and Linkages Project (DALP).” Duke University. http://sites.duke.edu/democracylinkage. —
Description:
expert survey // ideology, organization (global, late 2000s)
Comment: expert survey on leadership accountability
Dataset type: main dataset (main)
PolCon
Countries: 180 –
Parties: 1672 –
Linked: 1672
Years: 1800 – 2012
Reference: Henisz, W. J. 2000. “The Institutional Environment for Economic Growth.” Economics & Politics 12(1): 1–31. —
Description:
election results, governments (global, since 1800)
Comment: + governments: leaders
Dataset type: main dataset (main)
PPMD (2006)
Countries: 46 –
Parties: 370 –
Linked: 370
Years: 2003 – 2004
Reference: Benoit, Kenneth and Michael Laver. 2006. Party Policy in Modern Democracies. London: Routledge. —
Comment: expert survey on party policy in modern democracies
Dataset type: main dataset (main)
WhoGov
Countries: 174 –
Parties: 1718 –
Linked: 1718
Years: 1963 – 2020
Reference: Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. Who Governs? A New Global Dataset on Members of Cabinets. American Political Science Review. 1-9. FirstView. doi: 10.1017/S0003055420000490 —
Reference: World Values Survey 1981-2014 Longitudinal Aggregate v.20150418. World Values Survey Association (www.worldvaluessurvey.org). Aggregate File Producer: JDSystems, Madrid SPAIN. —
Description:
public opinion survey (global, 1981–2014)
Comment: + public opinion surveys on changing values
+ vote intention question used to calculate party size information
Dataset type: main dataset (main)
African Elections DB
Countries: 49 –
Parties: 585 –
Linked: 585
Years: 1910 – 2012
Reference: Nunley, A. (2012). African Elections Database. [online] Africanelections.tripod.com. Available at: http://africanelections.tripod.com/index.html [Accessed 24 Dec. 2018]. —
Description:
election results (Africa, 1910–2012)
Comment: A database of election results in Sub-Saharan Africa
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
Afrobarometer (2016)
Countries: 35 –
Parties: 116 –
Linked: 116
Years: 2015 – 2016
Reference: Afrobarometer, Merged Round 6 data (36 countries) (2016), available at http://www.afrobarometer.org. —
Description:
public opinion survey (Africa, 2016)
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
CCDD 2018
Countries: 9 –
Parties: 80 –
Linked: 80
Years: 2005 – 2015
Reference: Debus, Marc, Zeynep Somer-Topcu, and Margit Tavits. 2018. Comparative Campaign Dynamics Dataset. Mannheim: Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim. —
Reference: Coppedge, Michael. 1997. “A Classification of Latin American Political Parties.” . Kellogg Institute for International Studies -- Working Paper #244. https://kellogg.nd.edu/documents/1539. —
Reference: The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (www.cses.org). CSES Integrated Module Dataset (IMD) [dataset and documentation]. December 4, 2018 version. doi: 10.7804/cses.imd.2018-12-04 —
Description:
public opinion survey (global, since 1996)
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
Elections Global
Countries: 206 –
Parties: 3356 –
Linked: 3356
Years: 1880 – 2015
Reference: Döring, Holger and Nils Düpont. 2020. "Elections Global: Election results in 207 countries, 1880–2015", Harvard Dataverse. doi: 10.7910/DVN/OGOURC —
Description:
election results (global, 1880–2015)
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
EPAC (2018)
Countries: 22 –
Parties: 293 –
Linked: 293
Years: 2011 – 2016
Reference: Szöcsik, Edina, and Christina Zuber. 2015. “EPAC: A New Dataset on Ethnonationalism in Party Competition in 22 European Democracies.” Party Politics 21(1): 153–60.
Zuber, Christina Isabel, and Edina Szöcsik. 2018. “The Second Edition of the EPAC Expert Survey on Ethnonationalism in Party Competition – Testing for Validity and Reliability.” Regional & Federal Studies. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/13597566.2018.1512975. —
Description:
expert survey // ideology (Europe, early 2010s)
Comment: expert survey ethno-nationalism
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
EP roll call votes
Countries: 15 –
Parties: 169 –
Linked: 169
Years: 1979 – 2009
Reference: Hix, Simon, Abdul G. Noury, and Gérard Roland. 2007. Democratic Politics in the European Parliament. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. —
Description:
roll call votes // European Parliament (Europe, 1979–2009)
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
ERDDA (2013)
Countries: 29 –
Parties: 463 –
Linked: 463
Years: 1945 – 2013
Reference: Andersson, Staffan, Torbjörn Bergman, and Svante Ersson. 2013. “The European Representative Democracy Data Archive, Release 2. Main Sponsor: Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (In2007-0149:1-E) -- www.erdda.se” —
Description:
governments // party composition (Europe, since 1945)
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
euandi (GPS)
Countries: 28 –
Parties: 243 –
Linked: 243
Years: 2014 – 2014
Reference: Trechsel, Alexander H.; Garzia, Diego; De Sio, Lorenzo (2015): euandi (General Population Survey) - User Profiles in the 2014 European Elections. GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5970 Data file Version 2.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1.12246 —
Description:
public opinion survey // EP election (Europe, 2014)
Comment: party profiles in 2014 EP election
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
EU-NED
Countries: 31 –
Parties: 832 –
Linked: 832
Years: 1987 – 2020
Reference: Schraff, Dominik, Ioannis Vergioglou and Buket Buse Demirci. 2022. The European
NUTS-Level Election Dataset: A Tool to Map the European Electoral Geography. Party Politics.
Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/13540688221083553 —
Description:
election results // subnational (Europe, since 1987)
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
Global Elections DB
Countries: 55 –
Parties: 664 –
Linked: 664
Years: 1944 – 2009
Reference: Brancati, Dawn. 2018. Global Elections Database. New York: Global Elections Database, Date Accessed 11/03/2018. Website: http://www.globalelectionsdatabase.com. —
Reference: Jennings, Will, and Christopher Wlezien. 2018. “Election Polling Errors across Time and Space.” Nature Human Behaviour 2(4): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0315-6. —
Description:
polls (mainly Europe, since 1940s)
Comment: + election polling information
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
KUREP (2012)
Countries: 27 –
Parties: 210 –
Linked: 210
Years: 2007 – 2008
Reference: Rohrschneider, Robert, and Stephen Whitefield. 2012. The Strain of Representation: How Parties Represent Diverse Voters in Western and Eastern Europe. Oxford University Press.
-----, ‘An Expert Survey of 208 Parties in Europe’. —
Description:
expert survey // ideology (Europe, late 2000s)
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
LAEDA
Countries: 24 –
Parties: 224 –
Linked: 224
Years: 1934 – 2010
Reference: Mustillo, Tom. 2012. “Latin American and Caribbean, Lower House Election Results, 1934-2010.” https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/17851 (November 1, 2018). —
Comment: members and activists of political parties
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
Morgan (1976)
Countries: 12 –
Parties: 139 –
Linked: 139
Years: 1919 – 1978
Reference: Morgan, Michael-John. 1976. “The Modelling of Governmental Coalition Formation: A Policy-Based Approach with Interval Measurement.” University of Michigan. —
Reference: Bolin, Niklas. 2012. Målsättning riksdagen. Ett aktörsperspektiv på nya partiers inträde i det nationella parlamentet [Making the breakthrough. An agency-centred perspective on new party entrance into national parliaments]. Umeå: Umeå University [producer]. —
Description:
parties // new parties (Western Europe, 1960–2010)
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
ParlSpeech
Countries: 11 –
Parties: 157 –
Linked: 157
Years: 1987 – 2019
Reference: Rauh, Christian and Schwalbach, Jan. 2020. "The ParlSpeech V2 data set: Full-text corpora of 6.3 million parliamentary speeches in the key legislative chambers of nine representative democracies", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/L4OAKN, Harvard Dataverse, V1 —
Description:
parties // parliamentary speeches (Europe, since 1987)
Comment: The ParlSpeech V2 data set: Full-text corpora of 6.3 million parliamentary speeches in the key legislative chambers of nine representative democracies
+ annotated plenary speeches
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
Parties-PostYug
Countries: 7 –
Parties: 148 –
Linked: 148
Years: 1990 – 2016
Reference: Todorić, Nikola, Holger Döring and Christina Zuber. 2018. "Parties-PostYug". Harvard Dataverse, V1. UNF:6:dkfn4zkZeFCdIU/oIZ9GOA== [fileUNF] doi: 10.7910/DVN/WWHXDY —
Comment: Parties-PostYug: Data on parties, elections and governments in post-Yugoslav democracies
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
PIP
Countries: 36 –
Parties: 572 –
Linked: 572
Years: 1944 – 2016
Reference: Jahn, Detlef, Nils Düpont, Sven Kosanke, and Christoph Oberst together with Thomas Behm and Martin Rachuj. 2018. “PIP – Parties, Institutions & Preferences: PIP Collection [Version 2018-02].” Chair of Comparative Politics, University of Greifswald. —
Description:
parties (mainly Europe, 1944–2016)
Comment: parties, institutions, preferences
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
POPPA
Countries: 28 –
Parties: 252 –
Linked: 252
Years: 2018 – 2018
Reference: Meijers, Maurits and Andrej Zaslove. 2020. "Populism and Political Parties Expert Survey 2018 (POPPA)". Harvard Dataverse, V1. doi: 10.7910/DVN/8NEL7B —
Reference: Poguntke, Thomas, Susan Scarrow, and Paul Webb. 2017. Political Party Database Round 1a. doi: 10.7910/DVN/0NM7KZ
Poguntke, Thomas, Susan E Scarrow, Paul D Webb, Elin H Allern, Nicholas Aylott, Ingrid van Biezen, Enrico Calossi, Marina Costa Lobo, William P Cross, Kris Deschouwer, Zsolt Enyedi, Elodie Fabre, David M Farrell, Anika Gauja, Eugenio Pizzimenti, Petr Kopecký, Ruud Koole, Wolfgang C Müller, Karina Kosiara-Pedersen, Gideon Rahat, Aleks Szczerbiak, Emilie van Haute, Tània Verge. 2016. Party Rules, Party Resources and the Politics of Parliamentary Democracies: How Parties Organize in the 21st Century. Party Politics 22(6): 661–78. doi: 10.1177/1354068816662493 —
Reference: Benoit, Kenneth, Michael Laver and collaborators. 2009. Party Policy in Modern Democracies: Various Expert Surveys (1992–2009). [unpublished aggregated dataset] —
Reference: Ray, Leonard. 1999. “Measuring Party Orientations towards European Integration: Results from an Expert Survey.” European Journal of Political Research 36(2): 283–306. —
Reference: Timbro Authoritarian Populism index. Timbro & The Foundation for Free Enterprise. —
Description:
election results // populism (Europe, since 1980s)
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
The PopuList
Countries: 31 –
Parties: 213 –
Linked: 213
Years: 1989 – 2019
Reference: Rooduijn, M., Van Kessel, S., Froio, C., Pirro, A., De Lange, S., Halikiopoulou, D., Lewis, P., Mudde, C. & Taggart, P. (2019). The PopuList: An Overview of Populist, Far Right, Far Left and Eurosceptic Parties in Europe. http://www.popu-list.org. —
Description:
parties // populism (Europe, since 1989)
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
Voteview
Countries: 1 –
Parties: 39 –
Linked: 39
Years: 1789 – 2020
Reference: Jeffrey B. Lewis et al. 2020. “Voteview: Congressional Roll-Call Votes Database.” —
Description:
roll call votes (United States, since 1789)
Dataset type: all dataset (all)
EES 2014
Countries: 28 –
Parties: 200 –
Linked: 200
Years: 2014 – 2014
Reference: Schmitt, Hermann, Sebastian A. Popa, Sara B. Hobolt, and Eftichia Teperoglou. 2014. European Parliament Election Study 2014, Voter Study. GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5160 Data File Version 2.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1. 12300.
Schmitt, Hermann, Sara Hobolt, and Sebastian Adrian Popa. 2015. “Does Personalization Increase Turnout? Spitzenkandidaten in the 2014 European Parliament Elections.” European Union Politics 16(3): 347–68. —
Description:
public opinion survey // EP election (Europe, 2014)
Dataset type: article dataset (article)
PPEPE (2021)
Countries: 26 –
Parties: 104 –
Linked: 104
Years: 1979 – 2019
Reference: Zulianello, Mattia, and Erik Gahner Larsen. 2021. “Populist Parties in European Parliament Elections: A New Dataset on Left, Right and Valence Populism from 1979 to 2019.” Electoral Studies 71: 102312. —
Reference: Thomas, John Clayton. 1975. “The Decline of Ideology in Western Political Parties: A Study of Changing Policy Orientations.” London; Beverly Hills, CA. Sage Professional Papers in Contemporary Political Sociology. —
